Risk factors for predicting cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of cement leakage (CL) during percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for four different leakage types in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 292 patients who underwent PVP for single-level OVCF from January 2009 to March 2011. The influences of several potential risk factors that might affect the occurrence of CL were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Cement leakage was evaluated by computed tomography and classified into four different types: through the basivertebral vein (B-type), the segmental vein (S-type), a cortical defect (C-type), and intradiscal leakage (D-type).

Results: Cement leakage was found in 227 of the 292 treated vertebrae. None of the parameters showed a statistically significant effect by univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis showed that cement viscosity was an independent risk factor in B-type CL, fracture severity and fracture type were in S-type CL, fracture severity and presence of cleft on MRI were in C-type CL, and fracture severity, cortical disruption on MRI, presence of cleft on MRI and cement viscosity were in D-type CL.

Conclusion: Each different vertebral fracture pattern has its own risk factors for CL. Identification of the above predicting factors for CL preoperatively might be helpful for more rigorous and strict patient selection criteria for the appropriate candidates for PVP.

Keywords: Cement leakage; Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; Percutaneous vertebroplasty; Risk factors.