Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: a clinical study of 32 patients

Abstract

Background and objective: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is a devastating type of ischemic stroke whose clinical predictors remain scarcely known. The present study aims to improve the knowledge about the prognosis factors through an analysis of a malignant middle cerebral artery infarction sample of patients from our stroke registry.

Material and methods: From a total of 1,396 patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery included in the "Sagrat Cor Hospital of Barcelona Stroke Registry", we identified 32 patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (2.3%). Demographic, anamnestic, clinical, and outcome variables in this subgroup of patients were compared with those of the middle cerebral artery. The independent predictive value of each variable on the development of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction was assessed with a logistic regression analysis.

Results: The mean age was 74.7 (SD, 11.4) years and 50% were males. In-hospital death was observed in eight patients (25%) and early bad prognosis (in-hospital death or severe residual focality at discharge) was present in 16 patients (50%). Decreased consciousness (OR: 4.17; 95% CI: 2.02-8.61), presence of nausea or vomiting (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.40-8.49), and heavy smoking (> 20 cigarettes/day; OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.03-6.64) appeared to be independent prognostic factors for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is an infrequent clinical condition associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. In our sample, decreased consciousness, nausea or vomiting, and heavy smoking are the main clinical factors associated.