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Review
. 2015 Nov 1:94:53-62.
doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013. Epub 2015 Apr 8.

Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair

Rachit Agarwal  1 , Andrés J García  2
Affiliations
Review

Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair

Rachit Agarwal et al. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. .

Abstract

Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.

Keywords: Coatings; Growth factor; Metal implants; Polymer Hydrogel; Therapeutic release.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Metal Implants for bone tissue engineering. Osseointegration on metal implants can be mediated by A) rough surfaces that promote cell differentiation, B) surface functional groups that can promote adsorption of different proteins and cell ligands, C) adsorption of integrin ligands or D) immobilizing growth factors and drugs via layer by layer technique.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Polymer Implants for bone tissue engineering. A) Solid polymer surfaces or porous scaffolds can be adsorbed with integrin ligands for cell attachment for bone regeneration. Various growth factors can also be encapsulated during the fabrication process. B) Strategies for bone regeneration using hydrogel based polymer implants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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