Atopic itch in dogs: pharmacology and modeling

Abstract

Itch is the most common clinical problem seen in dogs with skin diseases. Although an etiological classification of canine pruritus does not yet exist, most causes would likely fall into the IFSI class I (dermatological) itch. One of the most common causes of canine itch is that associated with atopic dermatitis, and there is randomized controlled trial grade evidence of the efficacy of several antipruritic interventions. At this time, the mainstay of treatment of canine atopic itch relies principally on the use of topical and/or oral glucocorticoids and oral cyclosporine. Type 1 receptor antihistamines are notorious in their inconsistency in reducing pruritus in atopic dogs. A new Janus kinase (JAK)-1 inhibitor has recently been approved for treatment of allergic itch in dogs, and its onset of efficacy is remarkably fast. Modeling itch in dogs can be achieved by allergen sensitization (fleas, house dust mites), and challenges that elicit pruritic manifestation can be used for mechanistic studies as well as for testing of novel anti-itch modalities.