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Comparative Study
. 2015:189:67-72.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.020. Epub 2015 Apr 3.

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with coronary calcification among 1131 healthy middle-aged men

Abhishek Vishnu  1 , Jina Choo  2 , Bradley Wilcox  3 , Takashi Hisamatsu  4 , Emma J M Barinas-Mitchell  1 , Akira Fujiyoshi  5 , Rachel H Mackey  1 , Aya Kadota  6 , Vasudha Ahuja  1 , Takashi Kadowaki  5 , Daniel Edmundowicz  7 , Katsuyuki Miura  5 , Beatriz L Rodriguez  3 , Lewis H Kuller  1 , Chol Shin  8 , Kamal Masaki  3 , Hirotsugu Ueshima  5 , Akira Sekikawa  9 ; ERA JUMP Study Group
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with coronary calcification among 1131 healthy middle-aged men

Abhishek Vishnu et al. Int J Cardiol. 2015.

Abstract

Background: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a simple and reproducible measure of arterial stiffness and is extensively used to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in eastern Asia. We examined whether baPWV is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in an international study of healthy middle-aged men.

Methods: A population-based sample of 1131 men aged 40-49 years was recruited - 257 Whites and 75 Blacks in Pittsburgh, US, 228 Japanese-Americans in Honolulu, US, 292 Japanese in Otsu, Japan, and 279 Koreans in Ansan, Korea. baPWV was measured with an automated waveform analyzer (VP2000, Omron) and atherosclerosis was examined as coronary artery calcification (CAC) by computed-tomography (GE-Imatron EBT scanner). Association of the presence of CAC (defined as ≥ 10 Agatston unit) was examined with continuous measure as well as with increasing quartiles of baPWV.

Results: As compared to the lowest quartile of baPWV, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) for the presence of CAC in the combined sample was 1.70 (0.98, 2.94) for 2nd quartile, 1.88 (1.08, 3.28) for 3rd quartile, and 2.16 (1.19, 3.94) for 4th quartile (p-trend = 0.01). The odds for CAC increased by 19% per 100 cm/s increase (p < 0.01), or by 36% per standard-deviation increase (p < 0.01) in baPWV. Similar effect-sizes were observed in individual races, and were significant among Whites, Blacks and Koreans.

Conclusion: baPWV is cross-sectionally associated with CAC among healthy middle-aged men. The association was significant in Whites and Blacks in the US, and among Koreans. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine its CVD predictive ability.

Keywords: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Pulse wave analysis; Vascular calcification; Vascular stiffness.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Prevalence of CAC (10 - 99 AU and ≥100 AU) with baPWV
CAC = coronary artery calcification, AU = Agatston unit, baPWV = brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
Figure 2
Figure 2. Association between baPWV and CAC: odds ratios for presence of CAC (≥10 AU) with increasing quartiles of baPWV (n=1,131)
Model I: Age, Race-adjusted. Model II: Model I + systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ever smoking and diabetes Model III: Model II + high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol drinking, heart rate and body-mass index CAC = coronary artery calcification, AU = Agatston unit, baPWV = brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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