Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2015 Mar 27:15:69.
doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0499-y.

Comparing type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy- similar conditions or is a separate approach required?

Lisa A Owens  1   2 , Jon Sedar  3 , Louise Carmody  4   5 , Fidelma Dunne  6   7
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparing type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy- similar conditions or is a separate approach required?

Lisa A Owens et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. .

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy in women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with increased risk. These conditions are managed similarly during pregnancy, and compared directly in analyses, however they affect women of different age, body mass index and ethnicity.

Methods: We assess if differences exist in pregnancy outcomes between T1DM and T2DM by comparing them directly and with matched controls. We also analyze the effect of glycemic control on pregnancy outcomes and analyze predictive variables for poor outcome.

Results: We include 323 women with diabetes and 660 glucose-tolerant controls. T2DM women had higher BMI, age and parity with a shorter duration of diabetes and better glycemic control. Preeclampsia occurred more in women with T1DM only. Rates of elective cesarean section were similar between groups but greater than in controls, emergency cesarean section was increased in women with type 1 diabetes. Maternal morbidity in T1DM was double that of matched controls but T2DM was similar to controls. Babies of mothers with diabetes were more likely to be delivered prematurely. Neonatal hypoglycemia occurred more in T1DM than T2DM and contributed to a higher rate of admission to neonatal intensive care for both groups. Adverse neonatal outcomes including stillbirths and congenital abnormalities were seen in both groups but were more common in T1DM pregnancies. HbA1C values at which these poor outcomes occurred differed between T1 and T2DM.

Conclusions: Pregnancy outcomes in T1DM and T2DM are different and occur at different levels of glycemia. This should be considered when planning and managing pregnancy and when counseling women.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Persson M, Norman M, Hanson U. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: A large, population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(11):2005. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0656. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dunne FP, Avalos G, Durkan M, Mitchell Y, Gallacher T, Keenan M, et al. “ATLANTIC DIP: pregnancy outcome for women with pregestational diabetes along the Irish Atlantic seaboard”. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1205–6. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1118. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hillman N, Herranz L, Vaquero PM, Villarroel A, Fernandez A, Pallardo LF. Is Pregnancy Outcome Worse in Type 2 Than in Type 1 Diabetic Women? Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2557–8. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0680. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Knight KM, Pressman EK, Hackney DN, Thornburg LL. Perinatal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients matched by body mass index. J Matern fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(6):611–5. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.587059. - DOI - PubMed
    1. O’Sullivan EP, Avalos G, O’Reilly M, Dennedy MC, Gaffney G, Dunne F, et al. Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria. Diabetologia. 2011;54(7):1670–5. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2150-4. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms