Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2015 Apr 1;17(1):90.
doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0610-9.

Gout and risk of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis: meta-analysis of observational studies

Matthew J Roughley  1 , John Belcher  2 , Christian D Mallen  3 , Edward Roddy  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Gout and risk of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis: meta-analysis of observational studies

Matthew J Roughley et al. Arthritis Res Ther. .

Abstract

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis in people with gout, and the association between gout and prevalent or incident chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Data sources; MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, hand-searched reference lists, citation history and contact with authors.

Eligibility criteria: cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies which examined the occurrence of chronic kidney disease or nephrolithiasis amongst adults with gout (with or without a non-gout comparator group) in primary care or general population samples. Prevalence and risk estimate meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model.

Results: Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis (chronic kidney disease n = 7, nephrolithiasis n = 8, both n = 2). Pooled prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease stage ≥3 and self-reported lifetime nephrolithiasis in people with gout were 24% (95% confidence interval 19% to 28%) and 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%) respectively. Gout was associated with both chronic kidney disease (pooled adjusted odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.86 to 3.11) and self-reported lifetime nephrolithiasis (1.77, 1.43 to 2.19).

Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis are commonly found amongst patients with gout. Gout is independently associated with both chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis. Patients with gout should be actively screened for chronic kidney disease and its consequences.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection of studies included in the review. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of individual and pooled (random effects) prevalences of chronic kidney disease stage ≥3 in gout. CI, confidence interval.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of individual and pooled (random effects) unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios between gout and chronic kidney disease stage ≥3. CI, confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of individual and pooled (random effects) prevalences of nephrolithiasis in gout. CI, confidence interval.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of individual and pooled (random effects) unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios between gout and nephrolithiasis. CI, confidence interval.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Kuo C, Grainge MJ, Mallen C, Zhang W, Doherty M. Rising burden of gout in the UK but continuing suboptimal management: a nationwide population study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;0:1–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roddy E, Doherty M. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:223. doi: 10.1186/ar3199. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Berger L, Yü TF. Renal function in gout. IV. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long-term follow-up studies. Am J Med. 1975;59:605–13. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90222-3. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fessel WJ. Renal outcomes of gout and hyperuricemia. Am J Med. 1979;67:74–82. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90076-7. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yü TF, Gutman AB. Uric acid nephrolithiasis in gout. Predisposing factors. Ann Intern Med. 1967;67:1133–48. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-67-6-1133. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms