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. 2015;58(1):57-68.
doi: 10.1159/000369211.

Respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections

Afiono Agung Prasetyo  1 , Martinus Nuherwan Desyardi, Jimmy Tanamas, Suradi, Reviono, Harsini, Seiji Kageyama, Hiroki Chikumi, Eiji Shimizu
Affiliations

Respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections

Afiono Agung Prasetyo et al. Intervirology. 2015.

Abstract

Objective: To define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients.

Methods: Nasal and throat swabs were collected from all adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), or severe ARI (SARI) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, between March 2010 and April 2011 and analyzed for 19 respiratory viruses and for torque teno virus (TTV) and human gyrovirus (HGyV).

Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 61.3% of the subjects, most of whom had ARI (90.8%, OR = 11.39), were hospitalized (96.9%, OR = 22.31), had asthma exacerbation (90.9%, OR = 8.67), and/or had pneumonia (80%, OR = 4.0). Human rhinovirus (HRV) A43 predominated. Influenza A H3N2, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) subtypes A1 and A2, the influenza B virus, human adenovirus B, and human coronavirus OC43 were also detected. All respiratory viruses were detected in the transition month between the rainy and dry seasons. No mixed respiratory virus infection was found. Coinfections of the influenza A H3N2 virus with TTV, HMPV with TTV, HRV with TTV, and human parainfluenza virus-3 with TTV were found in 4.7, 2.8, 19.8, and 0.9% of the samples, respectively.

Conclusions: This study highlights the need to perform routine detection of respiratory viruses in adults hospitalized with ARI, asthma exacerbation, and/or pneumonia.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Seasonality patterns for the respiratory viruses detected in patients with ARI who were admitted to the Department of Pulmonology of the Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, from March, 2010 through April, 2011. In 2010-2011, June to November was the dry season while December to May was the rainy season. Jan. = January; Feb. = February; Mar. = March; Apr. = April; Jun. = June; Jul. = July; Aug. = August; Sep. = September; Oct. = October; Nov. = November; Dec. = December.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A isolates obtained from this study (◼) based on nucleotide sequences from the HA gene. The GenBank accession numbers for the references in the phylogenetic tree are as follows: A/Georgia/3058/2012(H3N2), CY130194; A/Singapore/H2010.471C/2010(H3N2), JX437833; A/Guangdong/SZ2171/2009(H3N2), CY106548; A/Guangdong/SZ4385/2008(H3N2), CY106497; A/Surabaya/40/2010(H3N2), CY093083; A/Surabaya/57/2010(H3N2), CY093084; A/Indonesia/3946/92(H3N2), AF008694, and A/Indonesia/3109/91(H3N2), AF008810.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Phylogenetic analysis of HMPV isolates obtained from this study (⚫) based on nucleotide sequences from the M gene. The GenBank accession numbers for the references in the phylogenetic tree are as follows: HMPV-gz01 (HMPV A2), GQ153651; JPS03-240 (HMPV A2), AY530095; SIN07-NTU442 (HMPV A2), JQ309665, and TN96-12 (HMPV A1), JN184399.
Fig. 4a
Fig. 4a
Phylogenetic analysis of HRV A isolates obtained from this study (▲) based on the 5UTR nucleotide sequences. The GenBank accession numbers for the references in the phylogenetic tree are as follows: 95-01943 (HRV A43), AF108172; HRV-A43_p1224_sR3080_2008 (HRV A43), JN815237; ATCC VR-1153 (HRV A43), FJ445131; HRV-A75_p1038_sR149_2008 (HRV A75), JN837690, and 95-01469 (HRV A19), AF108165.
Fig. 4b
Fig. 4b
Phylogenetic analysis of HRV B isolates obtained from this study (◼) based on the 5UTR nucleotide sequences. The GenBank accession numbers for the references in the phylogenetic tree are as follows: (no strain name listed) (HRV B3), EU095990; (no strain name listed) (HRV B37), EU096024; BCH186 (HRV B37), GU568045; PUMCH3613 (HRV B6), FJ950922; HRV-B06_p1198_sR1308_2009 (HRV B6), JN815239; ATCC VR-486 (HRV B6), EU870478; BCH112 (HRV B6), GU568040; (no strain name listed) (HRV B14), EU096001; ATCC VR-284 (HRV B14), EU870450; HRV-B72_p1051_sR207_2007 (HRV B72), JN798562; ATCC VR-1182 (HRV B72), FJ445153, and PUMCH5773 (HRV B92), FJ950971.
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