Lacosamide monotherapy for partial onset seizures

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the 1-year efficacy and safety of oral lacosamide as conversion monotherapy in adult patients with partial onset seizures with or without generalization.

Method: We prospectively followed-up consecutive patients converted to lacosamide monotherapy after 1-year seizure freedom on lacosamide add-on therapy and withdrawal of the concurrent antiepileptic drug (AED). Seizure occurrence, treatment compliance and drug toxicity were assessed every 3 months up to 1 year. The study outcomes were the retention rate of lacosamide as single AED and the seizure freedom under lacosamide monotherapy at 1 year from withdrawal of background AED. The safety variable was the prevalence of lacosamide related adverse events (AEs).

Results: Among the 58 included patients, at 1 year from withdrawal of background medication, 37 (63.8%) retained lacosamide as single AED and 32 (55.2%) were free from seizure occurrence under lacosamide monotherapy throughout the entire follow-up. The history of less than three lifetime AEDs turned out to be significant predictor of seizure freedom (adjusted OR = 6.38, 95% CI 1.85-21.98, p = 0.003). Twelve (20.8%) subjects reported mild to moderate AEs, with the commonest being drowsiness, dizziness, and headache.

Conclusion: Conversion to lacosamide monotherapy could be effective and well tolerated in selected adults patients with partial onset seizures who had achieved seizure freedom during lacosamide add-on therapy.

Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs; Epilepsy; Lacosamide; Partial seizures.