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. 2015 Apr 10:6:288.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00288. eCollection 2015.

Exopolysaccharides enriched in rare sugars: bacterial sources, production, and applications

Christophe Roca  1 , Vitor D Alves  2 , Filomena Freitas  1 , Maria A M Reis  1
Affiliations

Exopolysaccharides enriched in rare sugars: bacterial sources, production, and applications

Christophe Roca et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Microbial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), produced by a wide range of bacteria, are high molecular weight biopolymers, presenting an extreme diversity in terms of chemical structure and composition. They may be used in many applications, depending on their chemical and physical properties. A rather unexplored aspect is the presence of rare sugars in the composition of some EPS. Rare sugars, such as rhamnose or fucose, may provide EPS with additional biological properties compared to those composed of more common sugar monomers. This review gives a brief overview of these specific EPS and their producing bacteria. Cultivation conditions are summarized, demonstrating their impact on the EPS composition, together with downstream processing. Finally, their use in different areas, including cosmetics, food products, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical applications, are discussed.

Keywords: bacterial extracellular polysaccharides; fucose; glucuronic acid; rare-sugars; rhamnose.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic diagram of the biosynthetic pathways in Gram-negative bacteria involved in the intracellular synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate sugars that are precursors of some rare sugar monomers (Fuc, fucose; Glc, glucose; GlcA, glucuronic acid; Man, mannose; Rha, rhamnose; Fru, fructose; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; TDP, tyrosine diphosphate; UDP, uridine diphosphate).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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