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. 2015 Jun;5(2):159-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.jegh.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 Sep 10.

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and molecular typing of salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever in Lebanon

Souha S Kanj  1 , Zeina A Kanafani  2 , Marwa Shehab  3 , Nisreen Sidani  4 , Tania Baban  2 , Kedak Baltajian  4 , Ghenwa K Dakdouki  5 , Mohamad Zaatari  5 , George F Araj  6 , Rima Hanna Wakim  7 , Ghassan Dbaibo  7 , Ghassan M Matar  3
Affiliations

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and molecular typing of salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever in Lebanon

Souha S Kanj et al. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2015 Jun.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology and the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever as well as the susceptibility and strain relatedness of Salmonella typhi isolates in Lebanon from 2006 to 2007. A total of 120 patients with typhoid fever were initially identified from various areas of the country based on positive culture results for S. typhi from blood, urine, stools, bone marrow and/or positive serology. Clinical, microbiological and molecular analysis was performed on cases with complete data available. These results indicated that drinking water was an unlikely mode of transmission of the infection. Despite increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance among S. typhi isolates, the vast majority of these isolates were susceptible to various antibiotic agents, including ampicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular analysis of the isolates revealed a predominance of one single genotype with no variation in distribution across the geographical regions.

Keywords: Enteric fever; Food borne diseases; Middle east; Molecular typing; Salmonella typhi; Typhoid fever.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the distribution of patients included in the study.
Fig. 2A
Fig. 2A
Geographic distribution by regions of residence in Lebanon of patients with confirmed typhoid fever.
Fig. 2B
Fig. 2B
Map of Lebanon showing various geographic regions (Courtesy of Google search: http://www.sodetel.net.lb/common/flash/map.swf).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Dendrogram for 111 S. typhi isolates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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