Determinants of Perceived Physical Environment Barriers among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Taiwan

Abstract

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that mobility, activities of daily living, and the interaction between them can play a key role in determining perceived physical environment barriers among community-dwelling elderly.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Community.

Participants: One hundred and ninety-seven community-dwelling elderly with more than 7 points on the Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire and less than 7 points on the Geriatric Depression Scale (15 items).

Intervention: None.

Measurements: Time Get-up and Go test (TUG), the subscales of basic activity of daily living (BADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) of the Hierarchy of Care Required (HCR), and the physical/structural subscale of the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors in Community-dwelling Elderly in Taiwan were used to measure mobility, activities of daily living and perceived physical environment barriers, respectively. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to test the study hypothesis.

Results: Significant and positive relations were found to exist between perceived physical environment barriers and (1) the TUG time (β=.300, p<.05), and (2) the IADL score for the HCR (β=.322, p<.05), respectively. A significant and negative relation existed between perceived physical environment barriers and the interaction term (the TUG time and the IADL score for the HCR) (β=-.211, p<.05).

Conclusion: Mobility, IADL and the interaction between them are found to be significant determinants of perceived physical environment barriers in the community-dwelling elderly under consideration. Strategies targeting the enhancement of mobility among community-dwelling elderly are suggested to lead to improvements in the degree to which physical environment barriers are perceived. This beneficial effect could be greater in the case of elderly individuals with better IADL function.