[Vascular Calcification - Pathological Mechanism and Clinical Application - . Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)]

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), is sequential pathophysiology that starts in the very early stages of CKD. Three major aspects of CKD-MBD are laboratory abnormalities, bone abnormalities and vascular calcification. In dialysis patients, the prevalence of death due to cardiovascular disease accounts for more than 40% of all-cause mortality. Therefore, arteriosclerosis with vascular calcification may be an important pathophysiological mechanism in the development of cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is known to be an important risk factor influencing mortality in CKD patients. A number of studies have suggested a close association between serum FGF23 concentration and the risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease vascular calcification as well as CKD progression. Renal insufficiency leads to decline in klotho level and impaired phosphate excretion. However serum phosphate levels are maintained in the normal range by up regulation of FGF23 and PTH in early CKD stage. Early treatment intervention is necessary to improve the prognosis of the CKD patient.