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. 2015 Mar;37(1):67-78.
doi: 10.1007/s10862-014-9437-y.

Specific Associations between Anxiety Sensitivity Dimensions and Fear and Distress Dimensions of Emotional Distress Disorders

Nicholas P Allan  1 , Aaron M Norr  1 , Daniel W Capron  1 , Amanda M Raines  1 , Michael J Zvolensky  2 , Norman B Schmidt  1
Affiliations

Specific Associations between Anxiety Sensitivity Dimensions and Fear and Distress Dimensions of Emotional Distress Disorders

Nicholas P Allan et al. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2015 Mar.

Abstract

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) comprises three lower-order dimensions, physical concerns, cognitive concerns, and social concerns, all of which are related to unipolar mood and anxiety disorders (emotional distress disorders). The pattern of these relations suggests that AS cognitive concerns might be best classified as associated with emotional distress disorders clustered together as distress disorders whereas AS physical concerns might be best classified as associated with emotional distress disorders clustered together as fear disorders. In contrast, AS social concerns appears to be generally associated with both fear and distress disorders. To test the specificity of lower-order AS dimensions, structural equation modeling was employed in a sample of 579 individuals (M age = 36.87 years, SD = 13.47; 51.6% male) constituting a sample at risk for psychopathology as these individuals were seeking smoking cessation treatment. AS physical concerns was associated with the fear disorders dimension, even when controlling for negative affect (NA). AS cognitive concerns was associated with the distress disorder dimension, only when the effects of NA were not included. Finally, AS social concerns demonstrated non-specific relations with both the distress and fear disorders dimensions. Given that measures of AS and psychopathology were collected concurrently, these findings cannot address the role of lower-order AS dimensions as risk factors for specific psychopathology clusters. These results provide further support for the hierarchical model of emotional distress disorders as well as implicate AS cognitive and physical concerns as important variables at the intermediate level of this model.

Keywords: anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns; anxiety sensitivity physical concerns; anxiety sensitivity social concerns; emotional distress disorders; fear and distress model.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural equation model predicting Fear and Distress factors from ASI-3 factors. All values are standardized. Solid lines indicate significant path estimates. AG = Agoraphobia. PD = Panic Disorder. SAD = Social Anxiety Disorder. OCD = Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. PTSD = Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder. MDD = Major Depressive Disorder
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structural equation model predicting symptom ASI-3 factors and NA. All values are standardized. NA items and residual and error terms are omitted. Loadings for NA items ranged from .66 to .88. Solid lines indicate signi estimates. AG = Agoraphobia. PD = Panic Disorder. SAD = Social Anxiety Disorder. OCD = Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. PTSD = Post Anxiety Disorder. MDD = Major Depressive Disorder. symptom-level Fear and Distress factors from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. GAD = Generalized significant path
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