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. 2015:2015:283921.
doi: 10.1155/2015/283921. Epub 2015 Apr 6.

Age-related responses in circulating markers of redox status in healthy adolescents and adults during the course of a training macrocycle

Athanasios Zalavras  1 , Ioannis G Fatouros  2 , Chariklia K Deli  3 , Dimitris Draganidis  4 , Anastasios A Theodorou  1 , Dimitrios Soulas  1 , Yiannis Koutsioras  1 , Yiannis Koutedakis  5 , Athanasios Z Jamurtas  3
Affiliations

Age-related responses in circulating markers of redox status in healthy adolescents and adults during the course of a training macrocycle

Athanasios Zalavras et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015.

Abstract

Redox status changes during an annual training cycle in young and adult track and field athletes and possible differences between the two age groups were assessed. Forty-six individuals (24 children and 22 adults) were assigned to four groups: trained adolescents, (TAD, N = 13), untrained adolescents (UAD, N = 11), trained adults (TA, N = 12), and untrained adults (UA, N = 10). Aerobic capacity and redox status related variables [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity, TBARS, protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid, and bilirubin] were assessed at rest and in response to a time-trial bout before training, at mid- and posttraining. TAC, catalase activity, TBARS, PC, uric acid, and bilirubin increased and GSH declined in all groups in response to acute exercise independent of training status and age. Training improved aerobic capacity, TAC, and GSH at rest and in response to exercise. Age affected basal and exercise-induced responses since adults demonstrated a greater TAC and GSH levels at rest and a greater rise of TBARS, protein carbonyls, and TAC and decline of GSH in response to exercise. Catalase activity, uric acid, and bilirubin responses were comparable among groups. These results suggest that acute exercise, age, and training modulate the antioxidant reserves of the body.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Average weekly volume, intensity, and frequency of running and strength training during the experimental period for the adolescent and adult training groups. MHR, maximal heart rate; 1-RM, one maximal repetition. Data are presented as mean ± SD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Performance changes during the experimental period. VO2max, maximal oxygen consumption; vVO2max, velocity at maximal oxygen consumption; vTh, ventilatory threshold; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1a significant difference with baseline (P < 0.05); 2a significant difference between midseason and end-season (P < 0.05); 3a significant difference between adolescent groups at the corresponding time point (P < 0.05); 4a significant difference between adult groups at the corresponding time point (P < 0.05); 5a significant difference between trained groups at the corresponding time point (P < 0.05); 6a statistical difference between control groups at the corresponding time point (P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes of protein carbonyls in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. PC, protein carbonyls; h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest; 3significant (P < 0.05) difference between untrained adolescents and untrained adults at the corresponding time point; 4significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adolescents at the corresponding time point; 5significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adults at the corresponding time point.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes of TBARS in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest; 4significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adolescents at the corresponding time point; 5significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adults at the corresponding time point.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Changes of total antioxidant capacity in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. TAC, total antioxidant capacity; h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest; 2significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained adolescents and trained adults at the corresponding time point; 3significant (P < 0.05) difference between untrained adolescents and untrained adults at the corresponding time point; 4significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adolescents at the corresponding time point; 5significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adults at the corresponding time point.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes of reduced glutathione in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. GSH, reduced glutathione; h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest; 2significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained adolescents and trained adults at the corresponding time point; 3significant (P < 0.05) difference between untrained adolescents and untrained adults at the corresponding time point; 4significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adolescents at the corresponding time point; 5significant (P < 0.05) difference between trained and untrained adults at the corresponding time point.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Changes of erythrocyte catalase activity in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. CAT, catalase activity; h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Changes of uric acid concentration in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Changes of bilirubin catalase activity in response to acute exercise and training in adolescents and adult participants. h, hour; TAD, trained adolescents; TA, trained adults; UAD, untrained adolescents; UA, untrained adults; 1significant (P < 0.05) difference with baseline values at rest.
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