Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Jan-Jun;7(1):11-6.
doi: 10.4103/0974-2727.154780.

A Leap above Friedewald Formula for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol

Reema Kapoor  1 , Montosh Chakraborty  2 , Navpreet Singh  3
Affiliations

A Leap above Friedewald Formula for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol

Reema Kapoor et al. J Lab Physicians. 2015 Jan-Jun.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose was to compare the different calculated methods of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) estimation and to determine which of them correlate best with the direct method.

Materials and methods: The records of 480 samples for lipid profile were analyzed. Apart from the direct method, LDL-C was calculated by Friedewald low-density lipoprotein cholesterol method (F-LDL-C), modified Friedewald low-density lipoprotein cholesterol method (MF-LDL-C), and Anandaraja low-density lipoprotein cholesterol method (A-LDL-C). Paired t-test and Pearson correlation were evaluated between the different methods. Degree of agreement between the calculated methods and direct method was detected by Bland-Altman graphical plots.

Results: A strong correlation was found between all calculated LDL-C methods and direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol method (D-LDL-C) assay, that is, F-LDL-C versus D-LDL-C = 0.94; A-LDL-C versus D-LDL-C = 0.93 and MF-LDL-C versus D-LDL-C = 0.95. No statistically significant difference was found between D-LDL-C and MF-LDL-C. Bland-Altman plot for MF-LDL-C showed minimal negative bias.

Conclusions: The study pointed out that MF-LDL-C correlated maximally with D-LDL-C estimation at all levels of triglycerides and MF-LDL-C can be used in place of D-LDL-C when the direct method cannot be afforded.

Keywords: Anandaraja; Friedewald; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; modified Friedewald.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scatter plot of Anandaraja low-density lipoprotein cholesterol against direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was a correlation of r = 0.93
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatter plot of Anandaraja low-density lipoprotein cholesterol against direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was a correlation of r = 0.93
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plot of modified Friedewald low-density lipoprotein cholesterol against direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was a correlation of r = 0.95
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bland–Altman plot for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimated directly and by Friedewald's calculation. Mean: −10.39 (negative bias), standard deviation (SD): 22.18; mean +2 SD: +33.97; mean −2 SD: −54.75
Figure 5
Figure 5
Bland–Altman plot for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimated directly and by Anandaraja's calculation. Mean: −14.77 (negative bias), standard deviation (SD): 24.82; mean +2 SD: +34.87; mean −2 SD: −64.41
Figure 6
Figure 6
Bland–Altman plot for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimated directly and by modified Friedewald's calculation. Mean: −4.02 (negative bias), standard deviation (SD): 21.46; mean +2 SD: +38.90; mean −2 SD: −46.94
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Geneva: WHO; 2011. World Health Organization. Global Atlas on CVD Prevention and Control.
    1. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Jr, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227–39. - PubMed
    1. Bachorik PS, Ross JW. National Cholesterol Education Program recommendations for measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Executive summary. The National Cholesterol Education Program Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement. Clin Chem. 1995;41:1414–20. - PubMed
    1. Nauck M, Warnick GR, Rifai N. Methods for measurement of LDL-cholesterol: A critical assessment of direct measurement by homogeneous assays versus calculation. Clin Chem. 2002;48:236–54. - PubMed
    1. Kamal AH, Hossain M, Chowdhury S, Mahmud NU. A comparison of calculated with direct measurement of low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teacher's Association. 2009;20:19–23.