Multilocus microsatellite typing of Leishmania and clinical applications: a review
- PMID: 25950900
- PMCID: PMC4423940
- DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2015016
Multilocus microsatellite typing of Leishmania and clinical applications: a review
Abstract
Microsatellite markers have been used for Leishmania genetic studies worldwide, giving useful insight into leishmaniasis epidemiology. Understanding the geographic distribution, dynamics of Leishmania populations, and disease epidemiology improved markedly with this tool. In endemic foci, the origins of antimony-resistant strains and multidrug treatment failures were explored with multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). High genetic variability was detected but no association between parasite genotypes and drug resistance was established. An association between MLMT profiles and clinical disease manifestations was highlighted in only three studies and this data needs further confirmation. At the individual level, MLMT provided information on relapse and reinfection when multiple leishmaniasis episodes occurred. This information could improve knowledge of epidemiology and guide therapeutic choices for active chronic visceral leishmaniasis, the disease form in some HIV-positive patients.
Les marqueurs microsatellites ont été utilisés pour les études génétiques de Leishmania dans le monde et ont procuré un aperçu utile de l’épidémiologie des leishmanioses. La compréhension de la répartition géographique, de la dynamique des populations de Leishmania et de l’épidémiologie de la maladie est nettement améliorée avec cet outil. Dans les foyers d’endémie, les origines des souches résistantes à l’antimoine et des échecs de traitement avec plusieurs médicaments ont été explorées par typage microsatellite multilocus (MLMT). Une grande variabilité génétique a été détectée, mais aucune association entre les génotypes parasitaires et la résistance aux médicaments n’a été prouvée. Une association entre les profils MLMT et les manifestations cliniques de la maladie a été mise en évidence dans seulement trois études et ces données nécessitent d’être confirmées. Au niveau individuel, le MLMT fournit des informations sur la rechute et la réinfection lorsque plusieurs épisodes de leishmaniose ont eu lieu. Cette information pourrait améliorer la connaissance de l’épidémiologie et guider le choix thérapeutique pour la leishmaniose viscérale chronique active, la forme de la maladie chez certains patients VIH-positifs.
© S. Aluru et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2015.
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