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Review
. 2015 May 7;21(17):5220-30.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5220.

Roles of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer metastasis

Zi-Guo Yang  1 , Ling Gao  1 , Xiao-Bo Guo  1 , Yu-Long Shi  1
Affiliations
Review

Roles of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer metastasis

Zi-Guo Yang et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis, which is an important element of gastric cancer, leads to a high mortality rate and to a poor prognosis. Gastric cancer metastasis has a complex progression that involves multiple biological processes. The comprehensive mechanisms of metastasis remain unclear, though traditional regulation modulates the molecular functions associated with metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a role in different gene regulatory pathways by epigenetic modification and by transcriptional and post-transcription regulation. lncRNAs participate in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The altered expressions of certain lncRNAs are linked to gastric cancer metastasis and invasion, as with tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Studies have partly elucidated the roles of lncRNAs as biomarkers and in therapies, as well as their gene regulatory mechanisms. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding the functional mechanisms of gene regulation in metastatic gastric cancer remains scarce. To provide a theoretical basis for therapeutic intervention in metastatic gastric cancer, we reviewed the functions of lncRNAs and their regulatory roles in gastric cancer metastasis.

Keywords: Development; Function; Gastric cancer; Long non-coding RNAs; Metastasis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
H19 regulating network in gastric cancer. (1): Inhibitory effects; (2): H19 is treated as the precursor of miR-675; (3): H19 positively regulates its binding protein ISM1; (4): Promoting effects; (5): H19 regulates CALN1 indirectly by miR-675.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA regulates gastric cancer metastasis and cell apoptosis by human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 and SUZ12 (A), and hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA acts as a ceRNA (B). (1): miR-331-3p negatively regulates HER2 by binding to its 3’-UTR; (2): HOTAIR indirectly regulates HER2 by competitive binding to miR-331-3p.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Highly upregulated in liver cancer regulatory roles in gastric cancer. (1): Promoting effects. HULC: Highly upregulated in liver cancer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
ANRIL forms a positive feedback loop with miR-449a and E2F1, and functions in gastric cancer. (1): Inhibiting effects; (2): Promoting effects.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Maternally expressed gene 3 regulatory roles in gastric cancer. (1) Promoting effects; (2) Inhibiting effects.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FENDRR regulatory roles in gastric cancer. (1): Inhibiting effects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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