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Review
. 2015:2015:424860.
doi: 10.1155/2015/424860. Epub 2015 Apr 14.

Progress and challenges toward the development of vaccines against avian infectious bronchitis

Faruku Bande  1 , Siti Suri Arshad  2 , Mohd Hair Bejo  3 , Hassan Moeini  4 , Abdul Rahman Omar  2
Affiliations
Review

Progress and challenges toward the development of vaccines against avian infectious bronchitis

Faruku Bande et al. J Immunol Res. 2015.

Abstract

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a widely distributed poultry disease that has huge economic impact on poultry industry. The continuous emergence of new IBV genotypes and lack of cross protection among different IBV genotypes have been an important challenge. Although live attenuated IB vaccines remarkably induce potent immune response, the potential risk of reversion to virulence, neutralization by the maternal antibodies, and recombination and mutation events are important concern on their usage. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines induce a weaker immune response and may require multiple dosing and/or the use of adjuvants that probably have potential safety risks and increased economic burdens. Consequently, alternative IB vaccines are widely sought. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have resulted in experimental IB vaccines that show promise in antibody and T-cells responses, comparable to live attenuated vaccines. Recombinant DNA vaccines have also been enhanced to target multiple serotypes and their efficacy has been improved using delivery vectors, nanoadjuvants, and in ovo vaccination approaches. Although most recombinant IB DNA vaccines are yet to be licensed, it is expected that these types of vaccines may hold sway as future vaccines for inducing a cross protection against multiple IBV serotypes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted 3-dimensional structure of S1-glycoprotein (a) and nucleocapsid protein (b), determinants of Massachusetts strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Structures are drawn using SWISS homology modeller available online at http://swissmodel.expasy.org/.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Neighbour-joining phylogenetics showing relationship in S1-glycoprotein of classical (pink) and variant (blue) IBV strains. The tree reliability was assessed using 1000-bootstrap confidence and branching pattern is supported by 91.7–100% bootstraps values and associated taxa show 82% pairwise identity. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Geneious software version R8.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of major IB vaccines and important limitations associated with the vaccine types.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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