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Review
. 2015 Aug 1;567(1):12-21.
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.088. Epub 2015 May 9.

Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1): Gene structure and expression, promiscuous activities and multiple physiological roles

Mike Mackness  1 , Bharti Mackness  2
Affiliations
Review

Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1): Gene structure and expression, promiscuous activities and multiple physiological roles

Mike Mackness et al. Gene. .

Abstract

Human PON1 is a HDL-associated lipolactonase capable of preventing LDL and cell membrane oxidation and is therefore considered to be atheroprotective. PON1 contributes to the antioxidative function of HDL and reductions in HDL-PON1 activity, prevalent in a wide variety of diseases with an inflammatory component, are believed to lead to dysfunctional HDL which can promote inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, PON1 is multifunctional and may contribute to other HDL functions such as in innate immunity, preventing infection by quorum sensing gram negative bacteria by destroying acyl lactone mediators of quorum sensing, and putative new roles in cancer development and the promotion of healthy ageing. In this review we explore the physiological roles of PON1 in disease development, as well as PON1 gene and protein structure, promiscuous activities and the roles of SNPs and ethnicity in determining PON1 activity.

Keywords: Ageing; Atherosclerosis; HDL; Inflammation; LDL; Oxidation; Paraoxonase-1; Paraoxonases; Quorum quenching; Toxicology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Metabolism of 2-oxo-clopidogrel by oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. Figure kindly provided by Prof Patrick Dansette, Universite de Paris Descartes
Figure 2
Figure 2
PON1 polymorphisms. Figure kindly provided by Prof Clem Furlong, University of Washington
Figure 3
Figure 3
Inhibition of LDL oxidation catalysed by Cu2+ and by macrophages by PON1
Figure 4
Figure 4
Inhibition of ox-LDL mediated endothelial cell MCP-1 production by PON1
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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