Hypertension--an emerging cardiovascular risk factor in HIV infection

Abstract

Patients with HIV may have an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in a population of HIV-infected patients at an HIV/AIDS clinic in southern Brazil. We reviewed medical records of 1009 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years or more in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Hypertension was defined according to the Eighth Joint National Committee criteria. The prevalence of hypertension in this study cohort was 22.5% (95% confidence interval, 20%-25.2%). Individuals were significantly older in the hypertensive group (P < .001). After adjustment using a Poisson regression model of all variables that presented P < .2 in the univariate analysis, the variables that were significantly associated with hypertension were only age ≥40 years and obesity. Also in this setting, dyslipidemia (P = .068) showed a tendency of association with hypertension. Compared with HIV-infected persons aged 18-39 years, those aged 40-59 years presented a 2-fold higher prevalence of hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.3).The present study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among HIV-infected persons, similar to other studies, ranging from 13% to 45%, and also similar to the HIV-negative general population. Age and obesity were the factors associated with hypertension. Finally, the present study indicates a similar pattern of behavior and comorbidities for HIV-positive and -negative patients in relation to hypertension.

Keywords: Age; arterial hypertension; human immunodeficiency virus; obesity; vascular dysfunction.