Low vulnerability of the right phrenic nerve to electroporation ablation

Abstract

Background: Circular electroporation ablation is a novel ablation modality for electrical pulmonary vein isolation. With a single 200-J application, deep circular myocardial lesions can be created. However, the acute and chronic effects of this energy source on phrenic nerve (PN) function are unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze nerve vulnerability to electroporation ablation in a porcine model.

Methods: In 20 animals (60-75 kg), the course of the right PN was pace-mapped inside the superior caval vein (SCV). Thereafter, a single 200-J circular electroporation ablation was performed via a multipolar circular catheter in firm contact with the inner SCV wall.

Results: In 19 of 20 animals, the PN could be captured along an estimated 6-8 cm trajectory above the right atrial contour. Directly after the application, the PN could be captured above the ablation level in 17 of 19 animals and after maximally 30 minutes in all animals. Fifteen animals were restudied after 3-13 weeks, and PN functionality was unaffected in all. Histological analysis in 5 animals in which the application had been delivered in the muscular sleeve just above the right atrium showed a transmural circular lesion. However, no lesion was found in the other animals in which the application had been delivered in the fibrous section more cranial in the SCV.

Conclusions: Electroporation ablation at an energy level that may create deep myocardial lesions may spare the targeted right PN. These animal data suggest that electroporation may be a safe ablation modality near the right PN.

Keywords: Ablation; Complication; Irreversible electroporation; Nervous system; Phrenic nerve.