Admissions for imported and non-imported parasitic diseases at a General Hospital in Spain: A retrospective analysis

Abstract

Objective: To analyze imported and non-imported parasitic diseases as a cause of admission to a general hospital.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of hospital admissions for parasitic diseases between 2004 and 2013 performed by means of hospital information systems at a public hospital in the city of Castellón (Spain).

Results: During the period covered in this study, there were 204,349 admissions, 213 of which were for parasitic diseases (prevalence: 1.04/1000 admission). 129 were neglected parasitic tropical diseases and 61 were imported parasitic diseases. The main parasitic diseases were hydatidosis (24.9%), visceral leishmaniasis (22.5%) and malaria (12.2%). There was a decrease in admissions for visceral leishmaniasis in the 2004-2008 period from 27.7% to 15.9% in the 2009-2013 period (p < 0.001), and an increase in admissions for malaria from 5.0% to 21.3% (p < 0.001). 38 (20.3%) of the 187 patients with parasitic diseases were HIV infected. HIV infection was more common in patients with toxoplasmosis (94.1%; p < 0.001), cryptosporidiosis (66.7%; p < 0.02) and visceral leishmaniasis (46.4%; p = 0.003). There were 34 (18.2%) children with parasitic diseases. Twelve of the 28 patients with visceral leishmaniasis (42.9%; p < 0.001), and 11 of the 17 patients with soil-transmitted diseases were children (64.7%; p < 0.001). The cause of death in eight patients was parasitic disease related (mortality rate: 4.3%). The mortality rate for visceral leishmaniasis was significantly higher (14.3%; p = 0.01).

Conclusion: The main cause is endemic parasitic diseases such as hydatidosis. Visceral leishmaniasis decreased during the period covered by the study, but malaria increased.

Keywords: Echinococcosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Malaria; Parasitic disease; Visceral leishmaniasis.