The effects of aging process and preactivation on mechanical properties of nickel-titanium closed coil springs

Abstract

Background: The most favorable feature of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys in orthodontics is producing constant forces in a wide deformation range. Ni-Ti closed coils produce compressive strength and can be used for several purposes such as space closure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the aging process (temperature changes and prolonged strain) on Ni-Ti closed coils and to assess the effects of preactivation on forces generated by these coils.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 Ni-Ti closed coils (G&H Wire Co., Indiana, USA) were divided into four groups (n = 15). Two groups were kept in room temperature and two were incubated in 37°C in normal saline for 45 days. All the samples were extended to 30% of their original length. One group of the incubated coils and one group of room temperature coils were preactivated the same amount of 30%. The incubated groups also received 1000 thermocycles on days 22 and 45. The unloading forces were measured by a universal testing machine on days 0, 22 and 45. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Significance was set at 0.05.

Results: The unloading forces of the Ni-Ti closed coils was not affected by prolonged heat and moisture either in preactivated groups (P = 0.8) or the nonpreactivated groups (P = 0.6). Furthermore, preactivation had no significant effect on the unloading forces of Ni-Ti closed coils (P = 0.7).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both aging process and preactivation do not affect on mechanical properties of nickel-titanium closed coil springs. Preactivation had no effect on the forces generated by Ni-Ti closed coils.

Keywords: Closed coil springs; mechanical properties; nickel-titanium.

Figure 1

The designed holding jig.

Figure 2

The mean values of unloading forces in different groups. PI = Prestretched and incubated, PD = Prestretched in dry condition, NPI = Nonprestretched and incubated, NPD = Nonprestretched in dry condition (the mean values of unloading forces are presented in gf.), T0 = Tested on day 1, T1 = Tested on day 22, T2 = Tested on day 45.