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. 2015 Apr 1;1(2):112-120.
doi: 10.1007/s40495-014-0004-8.

DNA Methylation and Flavonoids in Genitourinary Cancers

Neelam Mukherjee  1 , Addanki P Kumar  2 , Rita Ghosh  3
Affiliations

DNA Methylation and Flavonoids in Genitourinary Cancers

Neelam Mukherjee et al. Curr Pharmacol Rep. .

Abstract

Malignancies of the genitourinary system have some of the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. For example prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and ovarian cancer mortality and incidence are near equal. In addition to genetic changes modulation of the epigenome is critical to cancer development and progression. In this regard epigenetic changes in DNA methylation state and DNA hypermethylation in particular has garnered a great deal of attention. While hypomethylation occurs mostly in repeated sequence such as tandem and interspersed repeats and segment duplications, hypermethylation is associated with CpG islands. Hypomethylation leads to activation of cancer-causing genes with global DNA hypomethylation being commonly associated with metastatic disease. Hypermethylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressive genes is commonly associated with cancer development. Bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids present in fruits, vegetables, beverages etc. have the ability to modulate DNA methylation status and are therefore very valuable agents for cancer prevention. In this review we discuss several commonly methylated genes and flavonoids used to modulate DNA methylation in the prevention of genitourinary cancers.

Keywords: Curcumin; DNA methylation; EGCG; Genistein; Genitourinary cancers; Prostate; cervix; epigenetics; flavonoids; kidney; ovaries; testicles; urinary bladder.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

Neelam Mukherjee, Addanki P Kumar and Rita Ghosh declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of the flavan nucleus (adapted from www.mdpi.com)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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