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Meta-Analysis
. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0126697.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126697. eCollection 2015.

Effect of ghrelin on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in experimental rat and mice models of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib  1 , Anuraj Shankar  2 , Richard Kirubakaran  3 , Kingsley Agho  4 , Padam Simkhada  5 , Shilpa Gaidhane  6 , Deepak Saxena  7 , Unnikrishnan B  8 , Dilip Gode  9 , Abhay Gaidhane  10 , Syed Quazi Zahiruddin  10
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Effect of ghrelin on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in experimental rat and mice models of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) continues to be a challenging condition in terms of prevention and management of the disease. Studies have demonstrated various cardio-protective effects of Ghrelin. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of Ghrelin on mortality and cardiac function in experimental rats/mice models of HF.

Methods: Data sources: PUBMED, Scopus. We searched the Digital Dissertations and conference proceedings on Web of Science. Search methods: We systematically searched for all controlled trials (upto November 2014) which assessed the effects of Ghrelin (irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration) on mortality and cardiac function in rats/ mice models of HF. Ghrelin administration irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed each abstract for eligibility and extracted data on characteristics of the experimental model used, intervention and outcome measures. We assessed the methodological quality by SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for all studies and the quality of evidence by GRADEpro. We performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3.

Results: A total of 325 animals (rats and mice) were analyzed across seven studies. The meta-analysis revealed that the mortality in Ghrelin group was 31.1% and in control group was 40% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.47) i.e Ghrelin group had 68 fewer deaths per 1000 (from 216 fewer to 188 more) as compared to the control group. The meta-analysis reveals that the heart rate in rats/mice on Ghrelin was higher (MD 13.11, 95% CI 1.14 to 25.08, P=0.66) while the mean arterial blood pressure (MD -1.38, 95% CI -5.16 to 2.41, P=0.48) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (MD -2.45, 95% CI -4.46 to -0.43, P=0.02) were lower as compared to the those on placebo. There were insignificant changes in cardiac output (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.80, P=0.29) and left ventricular end systolic pressure (MD 1.48, 95% CI -3.86 to 6.82, P=0.59).

Conclusions: The existing data provides evidence to suggest that Ghrelin may lower the risk of mortality and improve cardiovascular outcomes. However; the quality of evidence as assessed by GRADEpro is low to very low. Clinical judgments to administer Ghrelin to patients with HF must be made on better designed animal studies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA Study flow diagram.
Fig 2
Fig 2. SYRCLE's Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study [31,50,51,52,53,54,55].
Fig 3
Fig 3. SYRCLE’s Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies [31,50,51,52,53,54,55].
Fig 4
Fig 4. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin vs Control, outcome: Mortality [51,52,54,55].
Fig 5
Fig 5. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin vs Control, outcome: Heart rate [50,51,52,54].
Fig 6
Fig 6. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin verses Control, outcome: Mean arterial blood pressure [50,51,54,55].
Fig 7
Fig 7. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin verses Control, outcome: Cardiac output [31,50,52].
Fig 8
Fig 8. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin verses Control, outcome: Ejection fraction [31,50,52].
Fig 9
Fig 9. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin verses Control, outcome: LVESP [31,51,52,55].
Fig 10
Fig 10. Forest plot of comparison: Ghrelin verses Control, outcome: LVEDP [31,51,52,53,54,55].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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