Lung cancer risks, beliefs and healthcare access among the underprivileged

Abstract

One of the current goals of the French national cancer plan is to reduce healthcare inequalities. This study investigated the potential links between vulnerable social status, exposure to lung cancer risk factors and access to healthcare to highlight ways to improve lung cancer control in this population. The nationwide observational study EDIFICE 3 was carried out through phone interviews of a representative sample of 1603 individuals (age 40-75 years). The EPICES validated questionnaire was used to assess and classify vulnerable respondents. The vulnerable population identified represented 33% of the sample. Compared with nonvulnerable individuals, they had more risk factors for cancer: a higher BMI (26.0 vs. 24.8, P≤0.01), 38% were active smokers (vs. 23%, P≤0.01) with a heavier and longer-lasting tobacco consumption (16.0 cigarettes/day vs. 10.1, P≤0.01 and 29.4 vs. 26.3 years of smoking, P≤0.01) and they were less likely to undertake any physical activities (42 vs. 77%, P≤0.01). They also presented more comorbidities (on average 2.2 vs. 1.8, P≤0.01). Access to healthcare, however, was not discriminatory: vulnerable individuals declared consulting a general practitioner or an oncologist more often than the nonvulnerable subgroup (5.4 vs. 3.7 and 6.7 vs. 2.5 consultations in the previous 12 months, respectively, P≤0.01). Because access to healthcare and screening attendance show no signs of discrimination against vulnerable populations, efforts to reduce inequities in lung cancer control should focus on prevention.