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. 2015 May 28;10(5):e0128304.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128304. eCollection 2015.

Epidemiology and clinical features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Nagasaki, Japan

Shotaro Ide  1 , Shigeki Nakamura  2 , Yoshihiro Yamamoto  3 , Yoshihisa Kohno  4 , Yuichi Fukuda  5 , Hideki Ikeda  6 , Eisuke Sasaki  7 , Katsunori Yanagihara  8 , Yasuhito Higashiyama  9 , Kohji Hashiguchi  10 , Yoji Futsuki  11 , Yuichi Inoue  12 , Kiyoyasu Fukushima  13 , Naofumi Suyama  11 , Shigeru Kohno  14
Affiliations

Epidemiology and clinical features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Nagasaki, Japan

Shotaro Ide et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background and objectives: Recent reports indicate that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of NTM-LD patients in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan to identify the negative prognostic factors for NTM-LD in Japan.

Methods: The medical records of patients newly diagnosed with NTM-LD in eleven hospitals in Nagasaki prefecture between January 2001 and February 2010 were reviewed. Data regarding the annual population of each region and the incidence of all forms of tuberculosis were collected to assess geographic variations in NTM-LD incidence, isolates, and radiological features.

Results: A total 975 patients were diagnosed with NTM-LD. The incidence increased over the study period and reached 11.0 and 10.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 2009, respectively. M. intracellulare was the most common pathogen in the southern region, and M. avium most common in other regions. The most common radiographic pattern was the nodular-bronchiectatic pattern. Age >60 years, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, underlying lung disease, and cavitary pattern were the negative prognostic factors at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions: The incidence of NTM-LD has been increasing in Nagasaki prefecture. The isolates and radiographic features of patients vary markedly by region.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: Shigeru Kohno received an honorarium, lecture fees, and research funds from Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flowchart of patient selection.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Annual incidence of NTM-LD between 2001 and 2009 in Nagasaki, Japan.
(A) Incidence of NTM-LD and all types of tuberculosis in all patients. (B) Incidence in male patients. (C) Incidence in female patients.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Isolates detected in NTM-LD patients between 2001 and 2009 in Nagasaki, Japan.
RGM, rapid growing mycobacteria.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Geographic variation in isolates detected in NTM-LD patients.
Nine patients were residents of another prefecture. Map was obtained from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (http://www.gsi.go.jp/ENGLISH/index.html). MAC, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Geographic variation in radiographic patterns in NTM-LD patients.
Four patients were residents of another prefecture. NB, nodular-bronchiectatic pattern; CAV, cavitary pattern.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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