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. 2015 Aug;59(8):5052-6.
doi: 10.1128/AAC.00519-15. Epub 2015 Jun 1.

Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptides with Antiendotoxin Properties

Ya-Han Chih  1 , Yen-Shan Lin  1 , Bak-Sau Yip  2 , Hsiu-Ju Wei  1 , Hung-Lun Chu  1 , Hui-Yuan Yu  1 , Hsi-Tsung Cheng  1 , Yu-Ting Chou  3 , Jya-Wei Cheng  3
Affiliations

Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptides with Antiendotoxin Properties

Ya-Han Chih et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Aug.

Abstract

Release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) from bacteria into the bloodstream may cause serious unwanted stimulation of the host immune system. Some but not all antimicrobial peptides can neutralize LPS-stimulated proinflammatory responses. Salt resistance and serum stability of short antimicrobial peptides can be boosted by adding β-naphthylalanine to their termini. Herein, significant antiendotoxin effects were observed in vitro and in vivo with the β-naphthylalanine end-tagged variants of the short antimicrobial peptides S1 and KWWK.

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Figures

FIG 1
FIG 1
Size distribution of LPS aggregates in the presence of different antimicrobial peptides. (A) S1 and its derivatives; (B) KWWK derivatives.
FIG 2
FIG 2
LPS-neutralizing activities determined by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.
FIG 3
FIG 3
Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by S1 and its derivatives (A) and KWWK derivatives (B) in murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α production by S1 and its derivatives (C) and KWWK derivatives (D) in murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Results are presented as means ± standard deviations (SD); n = 3. *, P < 0.05 versus LPS.
FIG 4
FIG 4
(A) Suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-α release in endotoxemic mice (C57BL/6) by S1-Nal-Nal and KWWK-Nal-Nal. (B) Lung specimens, collected from sacrificed mice 24 h after injection, demonstrating the protective activities of S1-Nal-Nal and KWWK-Nal-Nal on LPS-stimulated endotoxemic mice. Results are presented as means ± standard deviations (SD); n = 3. *, P < 0.05 versus LPS.
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