Definition and nomenclature of hepatic encephalopathy

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can manifest with a broad range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities of varying severity, acuity and time course with significant clinical implications. Lack of precise nomenclature and classification had hampered research in this complex clinical problem. A multiaxial classification system based on underlying etiology, clinical severity, time course and presence or absence of precipitating factors has been developed over the recent years and has been fully incorporated in the newly published AASLD-EASL guidelines on HE management. This multiaxial classification is expected to bring uniformity in describing and categorizing of HE across centers and nations, foster clinical research and improve patient care and outcome.

Keywords: HE, hepatic encephalopathy; SONIC, spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis; cirrhosis; covert hepatic encephalopathy; hepatic encephalopathy; minimal hepatic encephalopathy; overt hepatic encephalopathy.