Single-cell genomics of uncultivated deep-branching magnetotactic bacteria reveals a conserved set of magnetosome genes

Abstract

While magnetosome biosynthesis within the magnetotactic Proteobacteria is increasingly well understood, much less is known about the genetic control within deep-branching phyla, which have a unique ultrastructure and biosynthesize up to several hundreds of bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes arranged in multiple bundles of chains, but have no cultured representatives. Recent metagenomic analysis identified magnetosome genes in the genus 'Candidatus Magnetobacterium' homologous to those in Proteobacteria. However, metagenomic analysis has been limited to highly abundant members of the community, and therefore only little is known about the magnetosome biosynthesis, ecophysiology and metabolic capacity in deep-branching MTB. Here we report the analysis of single-cell derived draft genomes of three deep-branching uncultivated MTB. Single-cell sorting followed by whole genome amplification generated draft genomes of Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum and Candidatus Magnetoovum chiemensis CS-04 of the Nitrospirae phylum. Furthermore, we present the first, nearly complete draft genome of a magnetotactic representative from the candidate phylum Omnitrophica, tentatively named Candidatus Omnitrophus magneticus SKK-01. Besides key metabolic features consistent with a common chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, we identified numerous, partly novel genes most likely involved in magnetosome biosynthesis of bullet-shaped magnetosomes and their arrangement in multiple bundles of chains.