Circulating MicroRNA-21 Is a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

MicroRNA-21 was upexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) indicating that it is a potential diagnostic biomarker for GC. In this study, 50 GC patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited. miR-21 levels in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. CA199, and CEA were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay. The sensitivity and specificity of circulating miR-21, CA199 and CEA in GC diagnosis, the correlation of circulating miR-21 to clinicopathological features, and the diagnostic value of miR-21 in different GC stages were determined. The levels of miR-21 in both serum and PBMCs increased significantly in GC patients comparing to healthy controls; however, no correlation was observed between circulating miR-21 level and clinicopathological features. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-21 in serum and PBMCs, and CA199 and CEA in GC diagnosis were 88.4%, 79.6%, 81.3%, 73.4%, 60.5%, 55.9%, and 68.6%, 59.3%, respectively. The positive prediction rates of circulating miR-21 in GC stages I to IV were all around 90%, while those of CA199 and CEA were around or less than 50%. Our data suggest circulating miR-21 (both in serum and in PBMCs) can serve as a good biomarker for GC and could be used in diagnosis of early (stage I) and late GC (stage IV).

Figure 1

qRT-PCR quantification of miR-21 in serum and PBMCs of GC patients and healthy controls. (a) Amplification curves of miR-21 and U6. (b) Melting curves of miR-21 and U6. (c) Ct values of U6 in serum and PBMCS from GC patients and healthy controls. (d) miR-21 levels in serum and PBMCs of GC patients and healthy controls. NS: not statistically significant; ^∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Figure 2

ROC analysis of CA199, CEA, and miR-21 in serum and PBMCs. An AUC value was given in each curve plot.