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Review
. 2015 May;8(2):92-7.
doi: 10.14802/jmd.15003. Epub 2015 May 31.

Many Faces of Parkinson's Disease: Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Hye Mi Lee  1 , Seong-Beom Koh  1
Affiliations
Review

Many Faces of Parkinson's Disease: Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Hye Mi Lee et al. J Mov Disord. 2015 May.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-systemic disorder that is characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). The dopaminergic neurodegeneration of PD is involved in the genesis of NMS, but other conditions and side effects of levodopa are also associated with NMS. NMS can develop at all stage of PD and rapid eyeball movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, depression, and olfactory dysfunction are considered prodromal signs of PD. Many NMS related with motor deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Some NMS including olfactory dysfunction, RBD and abnormal stereopsis are associated with presence of other NMS of PD. In addition, several NMS can be helpful to differentiate between idiopathic PD and other parkinsonian disorders. Early recognition and management of NMS in PD patients is important for preserving quality of life.

Keywords: Non-motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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