Contrast pooling in videofluoroscopic swallowing study as a risk factor for pneumonia in children with dysphagia

Abstract

Objective: To determine if laryngeal contrast pooling on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study increases the risk for pneumonia in the following 6 months in children with dysphagia. Secondarily, to determine in the same population, if laryngeal abnormalities or syndromic disorders increase the risk for pneumonia in the same timeframe.

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: A chart review of pediatric patients that presented to the swallowing and dysphagia clinic at the Montreal Children's Hospital for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study in the last three years was conducted. Videofluoroscopic findings, patient characteristics, demographic data, and pneumonias occurring within 6 months after the study were recorded for all patients. Patients with unsuccessful swallowing studies, incomplete charts, extra-laryngeal etiologies for recurrent pneumonia, or who were lost to follow up were excluded.

Results: Of the 287 children who presented to the clinic, 239 patients remained after exclusion, of which 40 (16.7%) exhibited pooling and 199 (83.3%) did not. Children with pooling on videofluoroscopic swallowing study did not have significantly more pneumonias than patients without pooling (22.5% vs 17.1%, P=0.42). Secondary analyses revealed that laryngeal abnormalities were a significant independent risk factor (P=0.02) for pneumonia at 6 months, while being diagnosed with a syndrome was not (P=0.18).

Conclusion: In this study of contrast pooling in videofluoroscopic swallowing study, there was no significant difference in pneumonia occurrence in patients with and without pooling at 6 months post study. Future prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these findings. The present review showed that feeding changes should not be made based on pooling alone.

Keywords: Laryngeal contrast pooling; Pediatric; Pneumonia; Videofluoroscopic swallowing study.