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. 2015 Jun 5:6:112.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00112. eCollection 2015.

Social and Behavioral Determinants of Perceived Insufficient Sleep

Michael A Grandner  1 , Nicholas J Jackson  2 , Bilgay Izci-Balserak  3 , Rebecca A Gallagher  4 , Renee Murray-Bachmann  5 , Natasha J Williams  6 , Nirav P Patel  7 , Girardin Jean-Louis  6
Affiliations

Social and Behavioral Determinants of Perceived Insufficient Sleep

Michael A Grandner et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Insufficient sleep is associated with cardiometabolic disease and poor health. However, few studies have assessed its determinants in a nationally representative sample. Data from the 2009 behavioral risk factor surveillance system were used (N = 323,047 adults). Insufficient sleep was assessed as insufficient rest/sleep over 30 days. This was evaluated relative to sociodemographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, region), socioeconomics (education, income, employment, insurance), health behaviors (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol), and health/functioning (emotional support, BMI, mental/physical health). Overall, insufficient sleep was associated with being female, White or Black/African-American, unemployed, without health insurance, and not married; decreased age, income, education, physical activity; worse diet and overall health; and increased household size, alcohol, and smoking. These factors should be considered as risk factors for insufficient sleep.

Keywords: behavioral; cardiometabolic disease; insufficient sleep; poor health; sleep duration; social determinants.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Rrelative influence of predictors from GBM in models with and without mental health predictor. (A) Model with mental health. (B) Model without mental health.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Marginal predictions for sociodemographic variables. (A) Age. (B) Sex. (C) Race/ethnicity. (D) Household size. (E) Marital status. (F) Census region.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Marginal predictions for socioeconomic status variables. (A) Income. (B) Education. (C) Employment. (D) Health insurance.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Marginal predictions for healthy behavior variables. (A) Fruits and vegetables. (B) Any exercise. (C) Physical activity at work. (D) Moderate exercise. (E) Vigorous exercise. (F) Heavy alcohol. (G) Number of drinks. (H) Smoking.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Marginal predictions for health and functioning variables. (A) Days poor mental health. (B) Days poor physical health. (C) Emotional support. (D) Overall health. (E) BMI category.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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