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. 2015 Sep;64(9):1060-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.015. Epub 2015 Jun 6.

Dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity in relation to adiposity, dyslipidemia, and incident dysglycemia in the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort study

Andrew B Boucher  1 , E A Omoluyi Adesanya  2 , Ibiye Owei  1 , Ashley K Gilles  1 , Sotonte Ebenibo  1 , Jim Wan  3 , Chimaroke Edeoga  1 , Samuel Dagogo-Jack  4
Affiliations

Dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity in relation to adiposity, dyslipidemia, and incident dysglycemia in the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort study

Andrew B Boucher et al. Metabolism. 2015 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Dietary and exercise data are frequently recorded in clinical research, but their correlation with metabolic measures needs further evaluation.

Objective: We examined the association of food and exercise habits with body size, lipid profile, and glycemia in a prospective biracial cohort.

Methods: The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the occurrence of incident prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). At enrollment, participants underwent a 75-gram OGTT, anthropometry, measurement of fasting lipids, insulin, and body fat (DEXA), and completed the Food Habits Questionnaire (FHQ), and Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). We assessed the relationship between FHQ and MAQ scores and adiposity, cardiometabolic measures, and incident dysglycemia.

Results: Among our cohort of 338 subjects (188 black, 150 white; mean age {±SD} 45.2±10.2 years, BMI 30.3±7.2 kg/m(2)), FHQ and MAQ scores were individually correlated with BMI (r=0.14, -0.12; P=0.01, 0.03) and waist circumference (r=0.19, -0.11; P=0.004, 0.05). Diet-adjusted leisure activity (MAQ/FHQ) was significantly correlated with total body fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0007), trunk fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0006), and serum triglycerides (r=-0.17, P=0.003) and HDL cholesterol (r=0.11, P=0.04) levels. During 5.5 years of follow-up, 111 subjects (Progressors) developed prediabetes (n=101) or diabetes (n=10) and 227 remained normoglycemic (Non-progressors). Age, BMI, MAQ and MAQ/FHQ values were significant predictors of incident prediabetes/diabetes. Progressors reported similar dietary habits (FHQ score 2.57±0.49 vs. 2.57±0.53) but 30% lower physical activity (MAQ score 15.2±20.5 vs. 22.3±30.5 MET-hr/wk, P=0.015) compared with non-progressors.

Conclusions: Among African-American and Caucasian offspring of parents with T2DM, self-reported dietary and exercise habits correlated with measures of adiposity and dyslipidemia; however, physical activity, but not dietary recall, significantly predicted incident dysglycemia during 5.5 years of follow-up.

Keywords: Body fat; Dyslipidemia; Ethnicity; Prediabetes; Prospective study.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no relevant conflict of interest to disclose with regard to the content of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation of food habits questionnaire (FHQ) scores (A) and modifiable activity questionnaire (MAQ) scores (B) with body mass index; correlation of diet-adjusted physical activity (MAQ/FHQ) scores with total body fat (C) and trunk fat (D) mass.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diet-adjusted physical activity (MAQ/FHQ) scores in relation to serum triglycerides (A), HDL cholesterol levels (B), and metabolic syndrome components (C). * P=0.005 vs. subjects with no components and 0.04 vs. group with 1 component. **P=0.005 vs. subjects with no components and 0.03 vs. group with 1 component. ANOVA P=0.0026 for interaction between MAQ/FHQ and metabolic syndrome components.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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