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Comment
. 2015 Jul;23(7):1134-1135.
doi: 10.1038/mt.2015.97.

Macrophage-Derived IGF-1 Is a Potent Coordinator of Myogenesis and Inflammation in Regenerating Muscle

James G Tidball  1 , Steven S Welc  2
Affiliations
Comment

Macrophage-Derived IGF-1 Is a Potent Coordinator of Myogenesis and Inflammation in Regenerating Muscle

James G Tidball et al. Mol Ther. 2015 Jul.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of temporal relationships between stages of myogenesis, inflammation, and IGF-1 release following muscle injury. Acute injury induces an initial invasion of muscle by neutrophils (PMNs), proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages that coincides with increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in myeloid cells. Myeloid cell–derived IGF-1 (solid orange arrows) can drive proliferation of activated satellite cells through a pathway mediated by Ras/Raf/MAP kinase signaling in muscle. Myeloid cell–derived IGF-1 also promotes a shift in macrophage phenotype from an M1-biased to an M2-biased population. At approximately 5 days after injury, myeloid cell numbers decline and there is a shift in the primary site of IGF-1 expression from the myeloid compartment to nonmyeloid, nonmuscle cells that are probably fibroblasts (Fb). Muscle cell differentiation to myotubes and subsequent growth to muscle fibers may be increased by IGF-1 produced by fibroblasts or M2 macrophages (dashed orange arrows). IGF-1-mediated muscle differentiation is signaled via a PI3-kinase/p70S6k path during later stages of muscle regeneration.
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