The Efficiency of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implants in the Treatment of Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant for the treatment of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion.

Methods: We included 22 eyes of 22 patients in this retrospective study. Visual acuity tested in logMAR with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, central macular thickness (CMT) measurements, intraocular pressure (IOP), and side effects after treatment were observed monthly.

Results: Best corrected visual acuity improved significantly in the first 3 months after the first intravitreal DEX implantation, but no statistically significant change was observed in the following 3 months. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the first 4 months after the second injection of DEX implant, but no statistically significant change was observed in the 2 following months. A statistically significant decrease in CMT was observed in the first 4 months after the first injection, but no statistically significant change was observed in the following 2 months. A statistically significant decrease in CMT was observed in the first 3 months after the second injection, but no statistically significant change was observed in the following 3 months. The IOP could be controlled with medication in all the participants with elevated IOP. Of the patients, 3 had cataracts requiring surgery.

Conclusion: Both functional and anatomical effects of DEX implant were obvious in the first 3 months after injection. Repeated injections and frequent examination might be required. Side effects such as cataract may require surgical intervention, whereas IOP elevation may be managed by topical drops.