Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015:2015:389142.
doi: 10.1155/2015/389142. Epub 2015 Jun 2.

The Effect of Development in Respiratory Sensory Gating Measured by Electrocortical Activations

Pei-Ying S Chan  1 , Chia-Hsiung Cheng  1 , Andreas von Leupoldt  2
Affiliations

The Effect of Development in Respiratory Sensory Gating Measured by Electrocortical Activations

Pei-Ying S Chan et al. Neural Plast. 2015.

Abstract

The perception of respiratory sensations can be of significant importance to individuals for survival and greatly impact quality of life. Respiratory sensory gating, similar to somatosensory gating with exteroceptive stimuli, is indicative of brain cortices filtering out repetitive respiratory stimuli and has been investigated in adults with and without diseases. Respiratory gating can be tested with the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) method in the electroencephalogram with a paired inspiratory occlusion paradigm. Here, the RREP N1 component elicited by the second stimulus (S2) shows reduced amplitudes compared to the RREP N1 component elicited by the first stimulus (S1). However, little is known regarding the effect of development on respiratory sensory gating. The present study examined respiratory sensory gating in 22 typically developed school-aged children and 22 healthy adults. Paired inspiratory occlusions of 150-ms each with an inter-stimulus-interval of 500-ms were delivered randomly every 2-4 breaths during recording. The main results showed a significantly larger RREP N1 S2/S1 ratio in the children group than in the adult group. In addition, children compared to adults demonstrated significantly smaller N1 peak amplitudes in response to S1. Our results suggest that school-aged children, compared to adults, display reduced respiratory sensory gating.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Grand average waveform from the FCz electrode. (a) The black solid and dotted lines represent the averaged S1 and S2 waveforms, respectively, of the children (N = 22); (b) the grey solid and dotted lines represent the averaged S1 and S2 waveforms, respectively, of the healthy adults (N = 22). Amp: amplitude.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Group averaged RREP N1 peak (a) S2/S1 ratio at the Cz electrode for the children group and the adult group; (b) S1 and S2 amplitudes at the Cz electrode for the two groups. The asterisk ∗ indicates a significant difference between the two groups. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plot for the correlation of N1 S2/S1 ratio and age for all participants (N = 44).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. von Leupoldt A., Chan P.-Y. S., Esser R. W., Davenport P. W. Emotions and neural processing of respiratory sensations investigated with respiratory-related evoked potentials. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2013;75(3):244–252. doi: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31828251cf. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bogaerts K., Notebaert K., van Diest I., Devriese S., De Peuter S., Van Den Bergh O. Accuracy of respiratory symptom perception in different affective contexts. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2005;58(6):537–543. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.12.005. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Carr R. E., Lehrer P. M., Rausch L. L., Hochron S. M. Anxiety sensitivity and panic attacks in an asthmatic population. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1994;32(4):411–418. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90004-3. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zaubler T. S., Katon W. Panic disorder and medical comorbidity: a review of the medical and psychiatric literature. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 1996;60(2, supplement A):A12–A38. - PubMed
    1. Davenport P. W., Friedman W. A., Thompson F. J., Franzen O. Respiratory-related cortical potentials evoked by inspiratory occlusion in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1986;60(6):1843–1848. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources