New World and Old World Leishmania Infections: A Practical Review

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection endemic to more than 90 countries worldwide. As travel to endemic areas increases, dermatologists need to keep this entity in the differential for any chronic skin lesion in persons who may have had a possible exposure for any duration. It can be difficult to diagnose because manifestations are varied and sometimes subclinical. This article discusses the current state of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. A special focus is placed on cutaneous manifestations and their treatment.

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Leishmania infection; Leishmaniasis; Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.