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Review
. 2015 Aug;20(8):898-906.
doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0475. Epub 2015 Jul 8.

Long Noncoding RNA in Digestive Tract Cancers: Function, Mechanism, and Potential Biomarker

Shuo Zeng  1 , Yu-Feng Xiao  1 , Bo Tang  1 , Chang-Jiang Hu  1 , Rei Xie  1 , Shi-Ming Yang  1 , Bo-Sheng Li  2
Affiliations
Review

Long Noncoding RNA in Digestive Tract Cancers: Function, Mechanism, and Potential Biomarker

Shuo Zeng et al. Oncologist. 2015 Aug.

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Digestive tract cancers (DTCs) are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current therapeutic tools for advanced stage DTCs have limitations, and patients with early stage DTCs frequently have a missed diagnosis due to shortage of efficient biomarkers. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment of DTCs. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with >200 nucleotides, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in DTCs and to have an important role in DTC development: the expression profiles of lncRNAs strongly correlated with poor survival of patients with DTCs, and lncRNAs acted as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in DTC progression. In this review, we summarized the functional lncRNAs and expounded on their regulatory mechanisms in DTCs.

摘要

消化道癌(DTC)是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。晚期 DTC 的当前治疗手段有局限性,并且早期 DTC 患者由于高效生物标志物的短缺而经常有漏诊。因此,有必要开发早期诊断的新型生物标志物以及 DTC 治疗的新治疗靶向。近年来,长链非编码核糖核酸(RNA)(lncRNA,一类超过 200 个核苷酸的非编码RNA)已被证实在 DTC 中异常表达,并且在 DTC 的发展中起到重要作用:lncRNA 的表达特性与 DTC 患者的不良生存率强烈相关,并且 lncRNA 在 DTC 进展中充当致癌基因或抑癌基因。在这次回顾中,我们总结了功能性 lncRNA,并阐述了其在 DTC 中的调节机制。 (The Oncologist) 2015;20:898–906

实践意义:消化道癌(DTC)是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。有必要开发早期诊断的新型生物标志物以及 DTC 治疗的新治疗靶向。长链非编码 RNA[一类有大约 200 个核苷酸至 100 000 个碱基对的非编码 RNA(IncRNA)]涉及各种疾病的进展。这次回顾总结了功能性 lncRNA,这些功能性 lncRNA 已被证实可用作 DTC 诊断和预后的新型生物标志物,并在 DTC 进展中充当致癌基因或抑癌基因。此外,还强调了功能性 lncRNA 在 DTC 中的潜在机制。

Keywords: Biomarker; Digestive tract cancers; Epigenetic regulation; Long noncoding RNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures of potential conflicts of interest may be found at the end of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Genomic location of lncRNAs. Blue represents protein-coding genes and their exons, and light red represents lncRNAs. (A): Intergenic lncRNA, which is transcribed from intergenic regions. (B): Intronic lncRNA, which is transcribed from introns of protein-coding genes. (C): Sense lncRNA, which is transcribed from the sense strand of protein-coding genes. (D): Antisense lncRNA, which is transcribed from the antisense strand of protein-coding genes. (E): Bidirectional lncRNA, for which transcriptional orientation is opposite that of neighboring protein-coding genes. Abbreviation: lncRNA, long noncoding RNA.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Diagrammatic sketch shows the hypothetical mechanism of HOTAIR in digestive tract cancers. HOTAIR interacts with PRC2 complex (Suz12/EED/EZH2) to methylate H3K27 and silence WIF-1 expression, further inducing activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. HOTAIR acts as competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-331-3p, which represses HER2 expression by binding to HER2 mRNA 3′UTR. HOTAIR can be released to blood from cells and serve as biomarker.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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