Multiple Hemolymphangioma of the Visceral Organs: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Hemolymphangioma is a rare disease with malformation of both lymphatic and vascular vessels. Few cases of hemolymphangioma occurring in the rectum, small intestine, pancreas, esophagus, and other organs have been reported. Nevertheless, multiple hemolymphangioma of the visceral organs are extremely rare. We report a 25-year-old female with a significantly enlarged spleen full of multiple-rounded lesions. Curiously, the splenic flexure and even retroperitoneum had many lesions. The patient recovered well after splenectomy and the pathologic diagnosis of spleen was hemolymphangioma with abnormal lymphatic and blood vessels with polycystic spaces.Usually, it is hard to cure this disease. We should take much more consideration into the diagnosis, treatment, and even pathogenesis, even though it is a benign lesion.

FIGURE 1

Computed tomography scan demonstrates multiple cystic masses of the abdomen. (A) Plain, (B) arterial phase, (C) delayed phase.

FIGURE 2

Splenic parenchyma containing multiple cystic masses. (A) The obverse, (B) the reverse.

FIGURE 3

Pathological examination of the splenic hemolymphangioma (hematoxylin and eosin staining). (A) Tortuous dilated lumen blood vessels communicating with each other, vessel lumen filled with erythrocytes and weakly staining fluid, consisting of loose connective tissue and some lymphocytes (100×). (B) Under the high magnification, vessel lumen inner lining flat endothelial cell, full of blood, separated by collagenous fiber mesenchyme.