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Review
. 2015 Sep;12(9):1364-72.
doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-190OC.

Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome. An Updated Dose-Risk Metaanalysis

Imran H Iftikhar  1   2 , Meredith A Donley  2 , Jesse Mindel  1 , Adam Pleister  1 , Sheryll Soriano  1 , Ulysses J Magalang  1
Affiliations
Review

Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome. An Updated Dose-Risk Metaanalysis

Imran H Iftikhar et al. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Sep.

Abstract

Rationale: Several studies have reported that both short and long sleep durations are associated with the metabolic syndrome, but whether a dose-response relationship exists is unclear.

Objectives: We performed a metaanalysis to study the magnitude of the association between the different durations of sleep and metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We searched in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid (all Journals@Ovid) from inception to October 4, 2014 for cross-sectional studies where an association between metabolic syndrome and sleep duration was analyzed.

Measurements and main results: Eighteen studies with 75,657 participants were included. Daily sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours was used as the reference group. The odds ratio (OR) of having metabolic syndrome for short (<7 h) sleep was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.11-1.37; P < 0.001; I(2), 71%). The ORs for less than 5 hours, 5 to 6 hours, and 6 to 7 hours of sleep were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.10-2.08; P = 0.01), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P < 0.001), and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02-1.31; P = 0.02), respectively. The coefficient of sleep duration on log of ORs was -0.06 ± 0.02 (P = 0.02). The OR for long sleep duration was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.32; P = 0.10; I(2), 89%).

Conclusions: A dose-response relationship exists between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. Those who report a sleep duration of less than 5 hours have a 1.5 higher odds of having metabolic syndrome. Our study does not support the notion that long sleep is associated with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: metaanalysis; metabolic syndrome; sleep duration.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Selection process of studies included in metaanalysis.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Association of short sleep duration (<7 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
(A) Association of short sleep duration (<5 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate. (B) Association of short sleep duration (5–6 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate. (C) Association of short sleep duration (6–7 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Association of long sleep duration (>8 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
(A) Association of long sleep duration (8–9 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate. (B) Association of long sleep duration (>9 h) with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent individual studies. Diamond represents the pooled estimate.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Summary forest plot with comparison of pooled odds ratios (ORs) for different durations of sleep with metabolic syndrome. The squares represent pooled ORs for different durations of sleep with metabolic syndrome. The red broken outline illustrating a nonlinear trend shows the absence of a U-shaped relationship.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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