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Review
. 2015 Nov;72(21):4049-62.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-1986-z. Epub 2015 Jul 15.

The immune response to cytomegalovirus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Miriam Ciáurriz  1 , Amaya Zabalza  1   2 , Lorea Beloki  1 , Cristina Mansilla  1 , Estela Pérez-Valderrama  1 , Mercedes Lachén  1 , Eva Bandrés  1   2   3 , Eduardo Olavarría  1   4 , Natalia Ramírez  5
Affiliations
Review

The immune response to cytomegalovirus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Miriam Ciáurriz et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Nov.

Abstract

Approximately, up to 70 % of the human population is infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) that persists for life in a latent state. In healthy people, CMV reactivation induces the expansion of CMV-specific T cells up to 10 % of the entire T cell repertoire. On the contrary, CMV infection is a major opportunistic viral pathogen that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to the delayed CMV-specific immune recovery, the incidence of CMV reactivation during post-transplant period is very high. Several methods are currently available for the monitoring of CMV-specific responses that help in clinical monitoring. In this review, essential aspects in the immune recovery against CMV are discussed to improve the better understanding of the immune system relying on CMV infection and, thereby, helping the avoidance of CMV disease or reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with severe consequences for the transplanted patients.

Keywords: Allogeneic HSCT; CMV-specific T cells; Immune monitoring.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
T cell differentiation. Phenotypic evolution of CD4+ (a) and CD8+ (b) T cells. CMV-experienced T cytotoxic cells exhibit a different functional phenotype compared with naïve cells. Expression of different molecules such as CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, CD27, CD57 or mediators of cytotoxicity such as IFNγ, granzyme B (GzmB) or perforin
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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