Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Jun;12(2):74-8.
doi: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0022.

Tumor immune microenvironment characterization and response to anti-PD-1 therapy

Mariacarmela Santarpia  1 , Niki Karachaliou  1
Affiliations

Tumor immune microenvironment characterization and response to anti-PD-1 therapy

Mariacarmela Santarpia et al. Cancer Biol Med. 2015 Jun.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflicts of interest are disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway. MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCR, T-cell receptor; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Butt AQ, Mills KH. Immunosuppressive networks and checkpoints controlling antitumor immunity and their blockade in the development of cancer immunotherapeutics and vaccines. Oncogene 2014;33:4623-4631. - PubMed
    1. Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:252-264. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Freeman GJ, Long AJ, Iwai Y, Bourque K, Chernova T, Nishimura H, et al. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med 2000;192:1027-1034. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Postow MA, Callahan MK, Wolchok JD. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Oncol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2443-2454. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources