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Observational Study
. 2015 Sep;150(3):571-8.e8.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.068. Epub 2015 Jun 5.

In-hospital mortality and stroke after surgical aortic valve replacement: A nationwide perspective

Shikhar Agarwal  1 , Aatish Garg  2 , Akhil Parashar  2 , Lars G Svensson  3 , E Murat Tuzcu  1 , Jose L Navia  3 , Stephanie Mick  3 , Samir R Kapadia  4
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Free article
Observational Study

In-hospital mortality and stroke after surgical aortic valve replacement: A nationwide perspective

Shikhar Agarwal et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Sep.
Free article

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a widely recognized complication after aortic valve replacement (AVR), especially among elderly patients. The literature contains substantial variability in reports of the actual incidence of stroke after AVR among high-risk patients. Our objective was to define risk of stroke in patients undergoing surgical AVR, using a large national database.

Methods: We used the 2002 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for this analysis. All patients undergoing isolated AVR, or AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (AVR + CABG), were identified using standard International Classification of Diseases codes. In-hospital mortality and any adverse neurologic event were the primary outcomes of the study.

Results: The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 3.0% and 5.1%, respectively, among patients undergoing isolated AVR and AVR + CABG; it was significantly lower in high-volume centers. The incidence of any adverse neurologic event was 2.0% and 2.9%, respectively, among patients undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. We demonstrated a progressive increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality and adverse neurologic events with increasing age. Neurologic events increased with age, from 1.3% for patients aged <70 years, to 3.2% for those aged >85 years, for isolated AVR; and from 2.3% to 3.6% for AVR + CABG. The incidence of in-hospital mortality was as high as 5.7% and 7.4%, respectively, among patients aged >85 years undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. Similarly, the incidence of any adverse neurologic event was 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively, among patients aged >85 years undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. In addition, the risk of adverse neurologic events was significantly higher in the high-risk surgical cohort, compared with the low-risk surgical cohort (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; isolated AVR: 2.38 [1.99-2.86]; AVR + CABG: 1.88 [1.57-2.24]).

Conclusions: The incidence of in-hospital mortality and adverse neurologic events was significantly higher among patients with advanced age and elevated surgical risk.

Keywords: aortic valve replacement; mortality; stroke.

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