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Review
. 2015 Jul 9;16(7):15531-45.
doi: 10.3390/ijms160715531.

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1: Cellular Pluripotency, Reprogramming, and Tumorogenesis

Bo-Hua Jiang  1 , Wei-Lien Tseng  2   3 , Hsin-Yang Li  4   5   6 , Mong-Lien Wang  7   8 , Yuh-Lih Chang  9   10 , Yen-Jen Sung  11   12 , Shih-Hwa Chiou  13   14   15
Affiliations
Review

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1: Cellular Pluripotency, Reprogramming, and Tumorogenesis

Bo-Hua Jiang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation (PARylation) is the catalytic function of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (Parps) family for post-translational modification in cellular process. Being a major member of Parps, Parp1 is a crucial nuclear factor with biological significance in modulating DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling through PARylation of downstream proteins. In addition, high expression level and activity of Parp1 are correlated with pluripotent status, reprogramming, and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic modulation of Parp1 is explored for regulating wide variety of gene expression. Genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of Parp1 further confirmed the importance of Parp1 in cell growth, DNA repair, and reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, the proximity toward the understanding of the modulation of Parp1 including interaction and modification in different fields will provide new insight for future studies. In this review, the biological significance of Parp1 in transcription and the epigenetic modulation of Parp1 in pluripotent status, reprogramming process and cancer will be summarized.

Keywords: PARylation; Parp1; pluripotency; reprogramming; tumorogenesis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intracellular regulations of Parp1. Parp1 is activated by c-Myc, Parp1 regulates cellular functions including DNA repair, transcription, DNA methylation, and chromatin modulation through PARylation of downstream proteins or directed binding to target protein. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (Parg) degrades the PAR chains of target protein to dismiss the downstream signaling. Precise regulation of the balance between PARylation and dePARylation is imperative to determine the cell fate of cells toward stem cell or cancer cell.
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