. 2015 Jul;11(7):740-56.

doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.002.

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2

Clifford R Jack Jr¹, Josephine Barnes², Matt A Bernstein³, Bret J Borowski³, James Brewer⁴, Shona Clegg², Anders M Dale⁴, Owen Carmichael⁵, Christopher Ching⁶, Charles DeCarli⁷, Rahul S Desikan⁸, Christine Fennema-Notestine⁹, Anders M Fjell¹⁰, Evan Fletcher⁷, Nick C Fox², Jeff Gunter³, Boris A Gutman⁶, Dominic Holland⁴, Xue Hua⁶, Philip Insel¹¹, Kejal Kantarci³, Ron J Killiany¹², Gunnar Krueger¹³, Kelvin K Leung¹⁴, Scott Mackin¹⁵, Pauline Maillard⁷, Ian B Malone², Niklas Mattsson¹⁶, Linda McEvoy⁸, Marc Modat¹⁷, Susanne Mueller¹⁸, Rachel Nosheny¹⁸, Sebastien Ourselin¹⁷, Norbert Schuff¹⁸, Matthew L Senjem³, Alix Simonson¹¹, Paul M Thompson⁶, Dan Rettmann¹⁹, Prashanthi Vemuri³, Kristine Walhovd¹⁰, Yansong Zhao²⁰, Samantha Zuk³, Michael Weiner²¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: jack.clifford@mayo.edu.
² Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
³ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁴ Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁵ Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁸ Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁹ Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹¹ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹² Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
¹³ Siemens Medical Solutions, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁵ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
¹⁷ Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁸ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁹ MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Rochester, MN, USA.
²⁰ Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA.
²¹ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

PMID: 26194310
PMCID: PMC4523217
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.002

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2

Clifford R Jack Jr et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Jul.

. 2015 Jul;11(7):740-56.

doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.002.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: jack.clifford@mayo.edu.
² Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
³ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁴ Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁵ Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁸ Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁹ Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹¹ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹² Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
¹³ Siemens Medical Solutions, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁵ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
¹⁷ Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁸ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁹ MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Rochester, MN, USA.
²⁰ Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA.
²¹ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

PMID: 26194310
PMCID: PMC4523217
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.002

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is now in its 10th year. The primary objective of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) core of ADNI has been to improve methods for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders.

Methods: We review the contributions of the MRI core from present and past cycles of ADNI (ADNI-1, -Grand Opportunity and -2). We also review plans for the future-ADNI-3.

Results: Contributions of the MRI core include creating standardized acquisition protocols and quality control methods; examining the effect of technical features of image acquisition and analysis on outcome metrics; deriving sample size estimates for future trials based on those outcomes; and piloting the potential utility of MR perfusion, diffusion, and functional connectivity measures in multicenter clinical trials.

Discussion: Over the past decade the MRI core of ADNI has fulfilled its mandate of improving methods for clinical trials in AD and will continue to do so in the future.

Keywords: ADNI; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Alzheimer's disease; Diffusion; MRI; Neuroimaging; Perfusion; Resting functional MRI.

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Figures

**Figure 1. Tensor based morphometry**
This figure, adapted from Hua et al. [25] shows how tensor-based morphometry (TBM) can visualize the profiles of brain tissue loss and expansion, throughout the brain, in this case over a 12-month interval. These average maps of brain tissue loss for different diagnostic groups can be summarized to produce single “numeric summaries” of atrophy rates, as a percentage per year. Brain regions offering greatest group discrimination included the temporal lobes (shown in blue), or specially defined regions within them.

**Figure 2. Boundary Shift Integral**
Coronal, volumetric (3D) T1-weighted MRI scans from the same individual scanned at baseline and after an interval are shown. The second scan is aligned (spatially registered) to the first. Atrophy occurring between the two scans results in a shift at the brain/CSF interface (green overlay on third image). The boundary shift integral (BSI), the sum of the displacement of the brain/CSF boundary across the whole brain, provides a means of quantifying atrophy occurring between the two scans.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Jack CR, Jr, Bernstein MA, Fox NC, Thompson P, Alexander G, Harvey D, Borowski B, Britson PJ, J LW, Ward C, et al. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methods. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;27(4):685–691. - PMC - PubMed
1. Rydberg JN, Riederer SJ, Rydberg CH, Jack CR. Contrast optimization of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(6):868–877. - PubMed
1. Jack CR, Jr, Bernstein MA, Borowski BJ, Gunter JL, Fox NC, Thompson PM, Schuff N, Krueger G, Killiany RJ, Decarli CS, et al. Update on the magnetic resonance imaging core of the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2010;6(3):212–220. - PMC - PubMed
1. Mueller S, Yushkevich P, Wang L, Van Leemput K, Mezher A, Iglesias JE, Das S, Weiner M. Collaboration for a systematic comparison of different techniques to measure subfield volumes: Announcement and first results. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2013;9(4):P51.
1. Gunter JL, Bernstein MA, Borowski BJ, Ward CP, Britson PJ, Felmlee JP, Schuff N, Weiner M, Jack CR. Measurement of MRI scanner performance with the ADNI phantom. Med Phys. 2009;36(6):2193–2205. - PMC - PubMed

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Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2

Affiliations

Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

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Grants and funding

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Medical

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