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. 2015 Dec;3(1):46.
doi: 10.1186/s40635-015-0046-1. Epub 2015 Mar 31.

Effects of norepinephrine on tissue perfusion in a sheep model of intra-abdominal hypertension

Gonzalo Ferrara  1 , Vanina S Kanoore Edul, Juan F Caminos Eguillor, Enrique Martins, Carlos Canullán, Héctor S Canales, Can Ince, Elisa Estenssoro, Arnaldo Dubin
Affiliations

Effects of norepinephrine on tissue perfusion in a sheep model of intra-abdominal hypertension

Gonzalo Ferrara et al. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to describe the effects of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) on regional and microcirculatory intestinal blood flow, renal blood flow, and urine output, as well as their response to increases in blood pressure induced by norepinephrine.

Methods: This was a pilot, controlled study, performed in an animal research laboratory. Twenty-four anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were studied. We measured systemic hemodynamics, superior mesenteric and renal blood flow, villi microcirculation, intramucosal-arterial PCO2, urine output, and intra-abdominal pressure. IAH (20 mm Hg) was generated by intraperitoneal instillation of warmed saline. After 1 h of IAH, sheep were randomized to IAH control (n = 8) or IAH norepinephrine (n = 8) groups, for 1 h. In this last group, mean arterial pressure was increased about 20 mm Hg with norepinephrine. A sham group (n = 8) was also studied. Fluids were administered to prevent decreases in cardiac output. Differences between groups were analyzed with two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: After 2 h of IAH, abdominal perfusion pressure decreased in IAH control group compared to IAH norepinephrine and sham groups (49 ± 11, 73 ± 11, and 86 ± 15 mm Hg, P < 0.0001). There were no differences in superior mesenteric artery blood flow, intramucosal-arterial PCO2, and villi microcirculation among groups. Renal blood flow (49 ± 30, 32 ± 24, and 102 ± 45 mL.min(-1).kg(-1), P < 0.0001) and urinary output (0.3 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.2, and 1.0 ± 0.6 mL.h(-1).kg(-1), P < 0.0001) were decreased in IAH control and IAH norepinephrine groups, compared to the sham group.

Conclusions: In this experimental model of IAH, the gut and the kidney had contrasting responses: While intestinal blood flow and villi microcirculation remained unchanged, renal perfusion and urine output were severely compromised.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in hemodynamics variables in IAH control, IAH norepinephrine and sham groups. (A) Abdominal perfusion pressure. (B) Percent of change in cardiac output. (C) Percent of change in superior mesenteric artery blood flow. (D) Percent of change in left renal artery blood flow.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Blood flow/perfusion pressure relationships. (A) Correlation between superior mesenteric artery blood flow and abdominal perfusion pressure. (B) Correlation between left renal artery blood flow and abdominal perfusion pressure.
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