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. 2015 Aug 24;54(35):10080-8.
doi: 10.1002/anie.201503375. Epub 2015 Jul 27.

Rise of the Molecular Machines

Euan R Kay  1 , David A Leigh  2
Affiliations

Rise of the Molecular Machines

Euan R Kay et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. .
No abstract available

Keywords: molecular devices; molecular machines; molecular motors; molecular nanotechnology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlated intramolecular motions within “proto-molecular machines”: a) Intramolecular mechanical cog-wheeling (this example, Iwamura et al.; 1983);[7] b) a negative heterotopic allosteric receptor (Rebek et al.; 1979);[8] c) photoswitchable binding of a crown ether (Shinkai et al.; 1980).[9]
Figure 2
Figure 2
The first molecular shuttle (Stoddart and co-workers; 1991).[10]
Figure 3
Figure 3
The first switchable molecular shuttle (Stoddart, Kaifer, and co-workers; 1994).[15]
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemically powered 120° directional rotation of a triptycene residue (Kelly et al.; 1999).[16]
Figure 5
Figure 5
The first light-powered rotary molecular motor (Feringa and co-workers; 1999).[17]
Figure 6
Figure 6
Rotating a macroscopic object with a molecular machine (Feringa and co-workers; 2006). Modified from Ref. [19] with permission.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Changing the stereoselectivity of a nucleophilic organocatalyst with a molecular machine (Wang and Feringa; 2011). Modified from Ref. [20] with permission.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A small molecule that walks directionally along a molecular track using a light-fueled energy ratchet (flashing ratchet) mechanism (Leigh and co-workers; 2011).[30]
Figure 9
Figure 9
a) Rotaxane-based molecular switch tunnel junctions (Stoddart, Heath, and co-workers; 2007).[44] b) Controlled release of guest molecules using a rotaxane valve (Stoddart, Zink, and co-workers; 2005).[48]
Figure 10
Figure 10
Artificial molecular machines put to work. a) A rotaxane molecular machine that does mechanical work by moving a liquid droplet against the force of gravity (Leigh and co-workers; 2005).[49] b) A rotaxane molecular machine that does mechanical work by bending a microcantilever (Stoddart and co-workers; 2005).[50] c) Transduction of molecular rotary motion into macroscopic contraction of a gel (Giuseppone and co-workers; 2015).[51] Parts (a) and (c) modified from Refs. [49] and [51] with permission.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Making molecules with molecular machines: an artificial molecular peptide synthesizer (Leigh and co-workers; 2013).[52]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mislow K. Chemtracts: Org. Chem. 1989;2:151–174. Views on how to realize molecular machinery have changed considerably over the years.
    1. Balzani V, Credi A, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000;39:3348–3391. - PubMed
    1. Angew. Chem. 2000;112:3484–3530.
    1. special issue Molecular MachinesAcc. Chem. Res200134, 409–522.
    1. Kinbara K, Aida T. Chem. Rev. 2005;105:1377–1400. - PubMed

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